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This article is based on an unscripted speech made at the launch of the book ‘Memoirs of 33 Years in Parliament’ (Sarasavi Publishers)
by Nihal Seneviratne, Sri Lanka’s longest-serving Secretary General of Parliament.
Gotagogama has today captured the imagination of our nation. It encapsulates the mood of a people that has had enough of an incompetent and inarticulate leader who has, through sheer ignorance and pigheadedness, presided over not just the downfall of our entire agricultural system but also our economy.
He ignored unambiguous and reasoned public warnings that the tax breaks he announced in December 2019 would make Sri Lanka insolvent. Yet, in the two budgets passed since then, his government stubbornly refused to step back. When he foolishly banned agrochemicals in May 2021, mine was perhaps the first voice to raise the alarm. My 72-minute YouTube video received 28,000 views. But Rajapaksa persisted obstinately in his folly until both agricultural production and the economy collapsed.
So, let me be clear: I fully support Gotagogama. My words to the president are no different from those of Oliver Cromwell in 1653: “You have sat here too long for any good you have been doing. In the name of God, go.”
Gotabaya’s has been the worst government in the 91-year history of our democracy. But it is clear that even in the face of a nation calling in unison for his resignation, he is digging in, determined to sit out the remaining 30 months of his term as the head of a so-called interim government.
I admire the courage and perseverance of Gotago, especially those of Gen-Z, the under-25s, who have their whole future before them. They are in the struggle of their lives. Not just on Galle Face but across the country, the voice of protest fills the air. And most important of all, unlike in 1971 and 1987, this protest is peaceful. To a fault.
But I worry that elements of these protests may be perverse. For one thing, calling for Gota’s arrest once he leaves office is probably counter-productive. What man will voluntarily forgo his liberty? Peaceful protest has not budged him. Perhaps a general strike will, but I doubt it. Meanwhile, the economy is descending into chaos.
We must learn from the precedents of other leaders forced to resign office: people like Ferdinand Marcos, Richard Nixon, Idi Amin, Sánchez de Lozada and the Shah. They quit only after their safe conduct had been negotiated. Or else we risk dragging this struggle out interminably, and dragging the country down with it.
Short of ending the Gotabaya presidency by peaceful means, we risk escalating this struggle to violence, especially if a protracted general strike ensues. The problem with violence is that it rarely ends well, or even as intended. Just look at the outcomes for Egypt, Syria, Libya and Yemen. They all ended up the worse for it. Indeed, I suspect that by any objective assessment, every revolution left the concerned country worse off, with the arguable exception America in 1776. Revolutions are the bedrock upon which dictatorships are built.
I see this slogan a lot but am not sure what it means. So, I take it at face value to mean that our 74 post-Independence years have been a curse. I beg to differ. I’ve been around for 66 of those 74 years. These have not been years of uniform progress and prosperity. Of course, we could have, we should have, done better. But we did achieve a lot that Gen-Z should be grateful for: free education, free healthcare, 99% electrification (14% at Independence), a life expectancy that is three decades longer than in 1948, and infant mortality that is lower than several of the United States. We may not have done as well as Singapore, South Korea or Taiwan, but we certainly shone among our South Asian neighbours.
Indeed, it was during these 74 ‘accursed’ years that people like Lasantha Wickrematunge gave their very lives to sustain the democracy under which Gen-Z is free to protest today. It is from the sacrificial slaughter of two generations of our youth, the ‘Gen-Zs’ of 1971 and 1987, that we learned the importance of peaceful protest. Was Mahaweli, which irrigates a million acres of our land and provides a third of our electricity free, a curse? Was the sacrifice of the lives of thousands of soldiers in defence of this land a curse? Was achieving self-sufficiency in rice a curse? Were the hundreds of garment and other factories established by Ranasinghe Premadasa a curse? It was this last innovation that allowed tens of thousands of young women, for the first time in our history, to leave their village, become financially independent, and choose their own life-partners. If all these were curses, may we be cursed some more. And, Gen-Z, please learn to take some responsibility for yourselves: it was you who voted preponderantly for Gota in 2019 and 2020.
I haven’t quite grasped what this means, but at face value it suggests that there should be a new general election. If so, fine, that is a legitimate request, in which case, ask explicitly for a dissolution of parliament. But I see vague calls that the 225 must be replaced by ‘intellectuals’. I have even seen my own name in lists of prospective ‘intellectuals’. I’m flattered, but I disagree. So-called intellectuals who dabble in politics hardly have a stellar track record in Sri Lanka. Just look at the dismal performance of G L Peiris and Tissa Vitarana who, if nothing else, have outlived their years.
The catastrophe that has befallen us happens to be entirely the work of ‘intellectuals’. The hyperinflation we see today was caused by Central Bank governor W. D. Lakshman, PhD, a professor of economics, printing trillions of rupees. Viyath Maga’s economics guru, Kenneth De Zylva, PhD, denies that there exists a causal link between money-printing and inflation (see if that works in your local Food City). And don’t forget that Dr P. B. Jayasundara, the father of this calamity, is also an ‘intellectual’. The architects of our agricultural downfall too, were intellectuals: Anuruddha Padeniya and Priyantha Yapa. It was the latter, by the way, who led Sri Lanka into becoming the only country in the world to prohibit the burial of covid victims, thus angering the entire Arab world, if not the civilized world.
What this government lacks is not intellectualism, it is common sense. Some of Britain’s most successful prime ministers, such as David Lloyd-George, Winston Churchill and John Major didn’t so much as have a university degree. Gordon Brown, PhD, on the other hand, was a dismal failure. But the fact remains that Sri Lanka is still to have a nominal head of state with a university degree. Except for Sir Henry Monck-Mason Moore (1944-48), that is.
Many people see constitutional reform as a cure for our national ills. I am not so sure. We have had several constitutions in the past 70 years, and none of them really worked. To imagine we’ll have better luck next time is perhaps wishful thinking, but that isn’t to say we shouldn’t try. Likewise, our penchant for blaming the executive presidency for all our ills: Sirima Bandaranaike managed to reduce the country to ruin and penury without it (aided, to boot, by eminent ‘intellectuals’ such as N M Perera, PhD and Colvin R de Silva, PhD).
What I find vexing about Sri Lankan constitutionality is that it seems to lack a philosophy. The UK’s ‘unwritten constitution’, for example, is based on 800 years of custom, tradition and precedent. Its philosophy through the centuries has been to constantly erode the power of the Crown (the so-called royal prerogative) in favour of the people. As recently as 2019, the UK’s Supreme Court overruled the prorogation of parliament decreed by the queen, in effect amending the Constitution without even saying so.
The American Constitution, by contrast, rejected custom and tradition in favour of aspiration. Based on the philosophical writings of thinkers such as John Locke and Thomas Paine, Jefferson crafted the Declaration of Independence not for the world as it was, but for the world as he wished it to be. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…”, he wrote, while still owning slaves. Some may call that hypocrisy; I call it aspiration.
It has never been clear to me what the philosophy of our constitution is. The precedence accorded Buddhism, harking to the Kandyan Convention, recalls custom and tradition. And then, we are awarded a bunch of aspirational rights and liberties such as Speech, Assembly and Association (though, to poor Prageeth Ekneligoda’s cost, not Life), none of which amounts to very much given that “All existing written law and unwritten law shall be valid and operative notwithstanding any inconsistency with the preceding provisions of this Chapter”. In other words, none of those rights actually amounts to much.
In my view, this philosophical muddle is because our constitution is written not for the people by the people (or else how would Ranjan Ramanayake end up in prison?), but by politicians for politicians, or worse, by lawyers for lawyers.
To Gen-Z out on Galle Face then, my unreserved admiration. Don’t ever stop thinking about tomorrow. But you must find consensus in your messaging. Anarchy only causes problems: it does not solve them. Be careful what you wish for.
What lies ahead if and when the Rajapaksas leave?
An economic programme for the colour-revolution
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When history is written, it must not be said that the greatest achievement of the Aragalaya was to make Ranil Wickremesinghe, an unelected MP and leader of the UNP which was rejected utterly by the people, the Prime Minister for the 6th time.Of course, the Aragalaya got rid of Mahinda Rajapaksa, but he was succeeded by Ranil Wickremesinghe. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.That cannot be the final outcome, the last word, on the Aragalaya. There must be some victory which is in accordance with the values, demands and ideals of the Aragalaya. The Aragalaya is the best thing that happened to us, the best thing we did as a country certainly since the war ended in victory. If the war was won, thanks to the Rajapaksas and Sarath Fonseka, peace was lost also, thanks to the Rajapaksas. We had hit rock bottom when the Aragalaya resurrected us as a country; a people a society.If the Aragalaya loses its way or worse still dissipates, we would have lost the best of ourselves, as a society.Therefore, with the Aragalaya now at a crossroads, a course correction is needed.
Every course correction starts with an honest audit or a self-criticism as the left calls it, though the Lankan left hardly ever engages in a sincere one.The Trap the Aragalaya Fell IntoIn the struggle to save the Gotabaya Presidency, a tactic was obviously devised by the deep State to divert the campaign to another target. The first was Basil Rajapaksa, the second was the Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa. Elements of the 11-party bloc fell for that and presented solutions which shifted the focus to the PM.From Gota’s Gotta Go, the struggle either was diverted to Mahinda or enlarged and therefore diluted to include the PM. When you enlarge a target to include a new element, you lose focus. Ask any sniper or simply any marksman.The Aragalaya fell into the trap and it was NOT on May 9th when MR’s thugs went on a rampage. It was earlier. Ironically the mistake was made by the most dedicated, heroic, indispensable detachment of the Aragalaya, the Inter-University Student’s Federation (IUSF) and its sincere leader Wasantha Mudalige.The IUSF staged a massive, impressive march to Galle Face Green. The Police placed roadblocks, including ones with spikes. As we saw at the conclusion of the march though, the Galle Road was open as the point of access. Having made some smart tactical moves and built-up considerable momentum and velocity, the IUSF march made a detour to Temple Trees and at one point tried to get past the barricades and shake the gates. Promising to return, the march triumphantly made it to Galle Face green, which it could have done without that detour.That night ‘MynahGoGama’ came up, which was cool. Mahinda Rajapaksa responded crudely with Pirith blaring and the rest of it. May 9th came afterwards.
By the detour, the struggle with the PM became the most dramatic. In terms of tactics and strategy, that detour was a deviation. It was to prove expensive. On May 9th the Aragalaya won that battle but damaged the war against the Gotabaya autocracy and the Rajapaksa oligarchy.The thing is, Gota and Mahinda together gave the picture of a Rajapaksa oligarchy, which was the reality. Re-targeting the struggle to Mahinda was exactly what the Gota camp wanted. Mahinda’s stupidity enabled Gota to dump him and activate the Rajapaksas’ Plan B: Ranil Wickremesinghe.It would be a naïve person to believe that Ranil’s return to Parliament was not as part of an agreement with Mahinda and with the blessings of Gota. Ranil was kept as UNP leader even by CBK as a safe reserve option.On May 9th-May 10th, the Rajapaksas activated Plan B and installed their ally Ranil Wickremesinghe as Prime Minister. That outcome is hardly an outstanding revolutionary victory. It is in fact a retro-move; in other words, it is historically a step backward.So, what about Sajith Premadasa and the SJB? I think that two mistakes were made, by both the Aragalaya and the SJB.Once Mahinda was pushed out, the Aragalaya should have insisted that the Opposition Leader take the Prime Ministership, because it would have been much better to have a quasi-ally of the Aragalaya as PM and dominating the Cabinet than having Ranil do so, and transitioning Gotabaya out by reformist ‘salami tactics’ such as the 19th Amendment, while protecting the people’s living standards in negotiations with the INF and creditors.
Instead, some elements in the Aragalaya (and I believe they have been identified as NOT being MR thugs, Police/military spies or Peratugamee/IUSF activists) initiated a mob attack on Sajith Premadasa.On the night of May 9th, the Aragalaya leaders made a second strategic mistake, that of silence. While it may be said that regime provocateurs were responsible for violence in the provinces, what was going on at Temple Trees was utterly transparent and could have been parametrically restrained. That is what leadership is about. As Lenin said, ‘any real communist must know how to start a strike as well as how to stop it’.
As for the SJB itself, it has to make an existential choice. It has to decide “Api Kavuruda”: whether it is a tough-minded, hard-charging Premadasist populist/social democratic party or a party dominated or influenced by liberals ( mainly liberal constitutional lawyers), most of whom were Ranil followers, bond scam foot-noters, Berghof Foundation products who supported Ranil’s CFA with Prabhakaran, assorted federalists, lawyers for Ranil in the Bond scam case and drafters of new Constitutions for Ranil going against the 1978 Presidential Constitution that their own fathers drafted.The SJB delayed by wasting time for weeks with a slogan of ‘abolition of the executive presidency’ which could not secure the SLFP’s support and was more of a load than the moment could bear.The SJB’s bad timing and slow intervention reminded me of the line of Carl Schmitt (whose formative background was Catholic, not evangelical) that “when faced with the choice ‘Jesus or Barabbas’, liberals appoint a committee!” His famous point was that liberalism, and especially liberal parliamentarism (devoid of a strong executive), was incapable of making a decision in crisis. The ‘decisionist’ critique of liberalism was proved by the SJB which delayed and miscalculated the actual balance of forces at a decisive moment.
So, what next for the Aragalaya? Slavoj Zizek wrote that “The Revolution Always Rings Twice”. It was a riff on the movie the Postman Always Rings Twice, and referred in this case to the Russian revolution of 1917 which actually witnessed TWO revolutions, in February and in October. Zizek’s point was that Lenin went against the tide and pushed through the second most decisive revolution within the year.Now the Aragalaya has not even won the February 1917 revolution i.e., the democratic revolution that ousted the Tsar of Russia. Instead, Tsar Gotabaya is still there, while he has a new PM. Therefore, there is no question of a second (this time, socialist) ‘October’ revolution. The democratic revolution must be brought to completion and crowned by the departure of Gotabaya. However, the Zizekian point about Lenin is valid in that there can and must be a Second Wave of the (democratic) Revolution to carry it through to completion and do so within this year.Here too, Zizek’s determined, resolute, hard-driving Lenin must be ‘read’ together with Georg Lukacs’ Lenin. Lukacs writes in 1924 of “Lenin’s realism, his Realpolitik…”
The Aragalaya must now have a three-point agenda UNDER, NOT INSTEAD OF the ‘Gota Go Home’ thematic slogan and intended as the concrete way to operationalize that slogan in the new conditions of Ranil’s PM-ship.:
1. Articulate a minimum economic programme to defend and restore the living standards of the people in the face of any attempt to impose the burden of economic crisis management and recovery on those who had nothing to do with starting the crisis. This programme must commence with the immediate restoration of the fertiliser subsidy.
2. Convene a roundtable conversation of all Aragalaya and Opposition forces and draft an Aragalaya+ Opposition Consensus platform. It requires a broad Church or Big Tent inclusionary approach such as the conventions that Sub-Comandante Marcos and the Zapatistas had in liberated Chiapas and the Sau Paulo Forum initiated by Lula as Mayor. My strong suggestion is do not go for the abolition of the executive presidency. It can easily be defeated at a referendum by showing that the executive presidency is indispensable in economic crisis, and anyway, the military may react against it.
3. Focus on an irresistible campaign for Parliamentary, Presidential elections within this year.
by Bishop Duleep de Chickera
A few days ago, a Buddhist monk and two Christian priests were beaten up opposite the official residence of the Prime Minister of the country. They were among 30 + peaceful protestors attacked by governing party goons. These same Christain priests, had just days before washed and kissed the feet of a representative group of protestors at GGG. The repetition of this act initiated by Jesus, demonstrates solidarity in an ardous journey, and conveys that just causes are served best when leaders understand their role as servants.
Strong traditions in all our religions, call religious representatives to advocate against corrupt, unjust and violent regimes and stand alongside people in their aspirations for truth and justice.But the assaulted three went further. Beginning with the wider protest at GGG, they had opted to move on to be with the more vulnerable group at the MGG. They thought their presence would mitigate the violent intentions of some. They were wrong.When a frenzied mob of several hundreds descended on the group, robes, whether saffron or white, made little difference. The three religious representatives, along with other protestors, were thrashed with poles and their tents set on fire. From MGG the mob moved on unchecked and unabated to continue the mayhem at GGG.This day-time brazeness had a stamp of authority. Minutes before the mob rushed in, some men were seen peering over the wall of the PM’s residence, as if in anticipation of what was to happen.
Sadly, the violent attacks on the MGG and GGG, spiralled into more violence as angry mobs took to the streets elsewhere. Deaths and injury to persons, and the burning and destruction of vehicles, houses and property are to be condemned as much as the initial attacks on peaceful protestors. Suddenly, it seemed that the integrity and momentum of an unbelievably peaceful protest, could be lost.
Active non-violent protest for change
But from within the smoke and ashes, the values and behaviour of peaceful protestors are rising to make a difference. Refusing to give in to intimidation or malice or hatred, these reprentatives of active, non-violent protest, point to a higher way forward. The integrity and momentum of peaceful protests can and must be sustained without recourse to arbitrary violence. The current wave of violence must therefore stop, not only for the sake of national stability; it must stop if peaceful regime transition is to occur.
This is why acccumulated anger over the years and contemporary frustration over corruption and the lack of essentials, however understandable, must be dealt with non-violently. Wise and integrated persons must make it their business to anticipate social violence and dissuade impetuous elements in their communities and neighbourhoods. The most recent initiative of some clergy and sisters, diffusing a tense situation in Negombo, confirms that this can be done.
The three religious representatives spent a couple of days after the incident, in hospital beds alongside each other. Here, these wounded healers had time to reflect on their experiences and the needs of a very seriously wounded nation. Rising from their beds they will return to the protest space, to reassure the nation of two realities.Friendships across religion and ethnicity more than anything else, will transform us into a just, safe and reconciled nation. And, when people rise above both intimidation and violence, peaceful, democratic protest will make the difference they long for. With peace and blessings to all.
OK. It was a mob who emerged from Temple Trees at around 12 noon on Monday that destroyed Mynagama and then proceeded to Gotagogama, where they vandalised tents and even burnt down the temporary library there. Completely peaceful, harmless background to a peaceful protest of decent people, until this group of beasts bent on maximum mayhem descended on Colombo, supposedly brought in about 25 buses whose number plates are being circulated. And did they come under their own steam of their own free will? Certainly not! They were transported to Colombo by the SLPP big guns with orders to wreak as much havoc as possible; stomachs filled with the usual free meals and stoked to rapaciousness by rotgut. Promises of jobs, etc., were made, it was said.
So, where does the blame lie for the anarchy that rocked Colombo and then infected other parts of the island? It lies with the then Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa. He then sends in his long overdue resignation to brother Gotabaya, the President, after causing untold immediate and future damage to the entire country. He and others who incited violence have to stand trial in the courts of justice for this colossal crime.
Mahinda, who was once hailed as the man who won the war, willfully wreaked havoc on Colombo. This was dastardly, diabolical, disastrous, direly detrimental and demented. Just before obeying the order probably conveyed by your brother, you decided to inflict maximum harm on the country and its people.
Mahinda Rajapaksa, you have outdone that mad President of the US – Donald Trump. Let’s recall what he did.
Defeated in the elections, after many demanded recounts, Trump declared the election was rigged and thus he was the rightful winner. On 06 January 2021, he made a public speech inciting his Republican hooligans to attack the Capitol. A mob of around 2,500 supporters disrupted the joint session of Congress assembled to count electoral votes and declare President–elect Joe Biden’s victory.
The beefy hooligans invaded the Capitol. It was locked and lawmakers and staff were evacuated, but much damage was done – property was vandalised and premises were occupied for several hours. Five deaths occurred; many injured including 138 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack committed suicide within seven months. Named ‘Save America Rally’ Trump repeated false claims of election irregularities and said: “If you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country.” The Republican mob erected gallows to hang VP Mike Pence and vandalised and looted House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s offices.
Cassandra resumes her Cry after a sad night of great sorrow for all sufferers, particularly the anti-government peaceful protesters. Her heart goes to those hospitalised.
Cass wondered whether to send what she had written above as a letter to her Ed as she feared it would all be old hat/stale news by Friday May 13, when her chat is printed in The Island. She however decided to hold her Cry horses and continue her writing to fill her column on Friday 13th – inauspicious day with the conjunction of 13 and Friday. Must ask Gnana Akka whether this fact is accepted in her form of occultism – her belief in the existence of secret, mysterious or supernatural agencies which she claims she can bend to serve her purposes. Along the grapevine crept the rumour she had chanted over gallons of water which was distributed to those at Gotagogama. Will be hard to locate her at this juncture.
Comparison of hooliganism in Washington and Colombo
Both inciters of incidents are crazy and were utterly selfish, overblown with hubris and nakedly wicked. They lost politically so they wanted to leave the capital of the US and, in our case, the entire island, in chaos with murder, arson and turmoil. While Trump went it alone, Mahinda R had Johnston not only swearing allegiance to his master and wanting him to remain as PM but inciting those they had paid and gathered to go forth and destroy.
In the US, the security officers moved in fast, even before the actual assault started and took immediate safety measures. All condemn our police because though on duty just next door to Temple Trees, and having pre-info on the meeting at PM’s abode, only a couple of police officers ran halfheartedly behind the rampaging mob, actually giving them a huge head start.
And who caught the marauders? Not the police. It was the peaceful protesters in Gotagogama that caught them and doused a few in the Beira. Pity the water was not deep enough to drown them. Other anti-govt protestors and angered civilians stopped buses and hauled out Mahinda men.
Mercifully, powerful bodies like the Bar Association and HR Commission will see that justice is metered out. Will we go two steps beyond the US? Trump is still free though he has a case pending; will our Man be netted in for murderous crimes? He should be.
In the US only the Capitol building was entered and vandalised and perchance a few scattered incidents occurred. Here, the damage was extreme and almost island-wide. The State lost much in damaged govt vehicles et al. No chance now for Johnston and Co to rebuild mansions with govt money.
Trump had to lump it and retire to his holiday resort to lick his wounds. Not so our Man. He had no Medamulana old house to go to. He was holed up at Temple Trees with, they said, some of the ex-Ministers. But he has escaped to the security of the Naval headquarters in Trinco, as suspected by peaceful protestors over there.
The clout and prominence enjoyed by daughter Ivana Trump and son-in-law Jared Kushner diminished. (Incidentally, they are supposed to have earned by foul means $ 649 m during the four years of Trump’s presidency. Another similarity between them and ours.) Our Man’s fate will be worse than Trump’s. His later clinging to power was to pass it on to son and heir Namal.
Bong Bong has come to power in the Philippines, one generation after his father was hounded out for his corruption and unconcern for the country. It will not happen in this country though its people are well-noted for their short memories. The horrid taste and gruesome memories left by Mahinda R will see the end of that family, either withering exiled elsewhere – OK living in luxury; or holed up here with plenty wealth but no way of enjoying it. Not even that grandson will rule Sri Lanka even if his father is the first Sri Lankan to shoot himself to outer space – the great PhD rocket scientist!
Cass has to email her Cry to her Editor today. She heard the notice that the armed forces would be out and shoot on sight looters and arsonists. Gotagogama continues to be occupied. The Prez is in his seat. Buddhist monks, Christian clergy and other religious leaders are out there calming and restraining people under the leadership of the Mahanayakes and Ven Omalpe Sobhitha Thera and His Eminence Malcolm Cardinal Ranjit. May the country subside. May an all-party interim government be formed soon and the new PM and Cabinet of 15 move to solve the multitudinous problems that beset Sri Lanka and its people. Cass whispers that if the Rs are out completely and an honest set of leaders are in place, other countries will come to our assistance.
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